The English (1881 - 1885) and the American Revision [Revised Version].
By the Latter part of the 19th Century, the Church of England felt a new revision of the King James Version was needed:
- because the change of meaning of some English words;
- because of the Discovery of new Manuscripts since 1611.
- Because of a better knowledge of Hebrew and Greek.
The Initial Formalities began on the 3rd of May 1870 with the Canterbury Convocation.
Some of the main resolutions were that there be a uniformity of Greek and Hebrew Renderings. some words in the KJV were rendered by ten different words in the English.
For example, “meno” to remain is translated by 10 different words in the KJV. A similar thing happened with “dunamis” power translated by 13 different words.
The Greek tenses were to be translated more accurately especially the aorist and the imperfect tenses.
Similarly, the Greek preposition was to be more accurately translated.
The Initial fervour around the new Version soon cooled.
10 The Revised Standard Version. RSV.
From Bibliotheca Sacra
Editor's note: This symposium is a brief expression of criticism of the Revised Standard Version edited by Dr. C. F. Lincoln and prepared by several members of the Faculty of Dallas Theological Seminary, with the advice and counsel of the entire Faculty.
General Considerations
C. P. Lincoln, A.M., Th.D.
There are two very obvious but nevertheless weighty reasons for condemning this version as an unreliable and unacceptable translation for the reverent Bible-loving Christian. First the Revision Committee, which did the actual work of translation, was composed largely of scholars who hold definitely heretical views such as cannot be countenanced by true conservative Christians and students and it is evident that the personal views of these men have been introduced into the text of this new translation. Second, the sponsoring organization and copyright owner, the National Council of Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. (which absorbed the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America) has, since 1908, proved to be unbiblical in its objectives, socialistic in its aims and destructively modernistic in its doctrine. To this organization through its Division of Christian Education is committed the propaganda for the sale and distribution of the "New Bible." True Christians know too well the character of this sponsoring, propagandizing organization to approve it as a trustworthy guide in determining and safeguarding the text of Holy Scripture.
The Amplified Bible (1954)
This is a Literal Translation with multiple expressions using associated words to convey the Original thought. The New Testament uses the Greek text of Westcott and Hort plus twenty-seven Translations and Revisions. The OT is similar.
The Amplified Bible (AMP) is an English translation of the Bible produced jointly by Zondervan (subsidiary of News Corp) and The Lockman Foundation. The first edition was published in 1965. It is largely a revision of the American Standard Version of 1901, with reference made to various texts in the original languages. It is designed to "amplify" the text by using a system of punctuation and other typographical features to bring out all shades of meaning present in the original texts. Wikipedia.com
12. Good News for Modern man (1966)
This translation of the New Testament by Dr Robert Bratcher (plus a review committee) is a Paraphrase which gained enormous popularity in a short time. It was designed to communicate the Scriptural truths to the masses of English-speaking people around the world whose second language is English. It has been used much in Evangelism outside the church. The Completed Bible is called the Good News Bible.The Jerusalem Bible. (1966)
This translation from the Hebrew Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, The Dead Sea Scrolls, and accepted Greek and Aramaic New Testament texts all compared with the French version. It was produced by 28 principal collaborators in translation and literary revision under Alexander Jones, general Editor.
The Jerusalem Bible (JB or TJB) is an English-language translation of the Bible which was first introduced to the English-speaking public in 1966 and published by Darton, Longman & Todd. As a Roman Catholic Bible, it includes the deuterocanonical books along with the sixty-six others included in Protestant Bibles. It also contains copious footnotes and introductions.
Excerpts from the Jerusalem Bible are used in the Lectionary for Mass that was approved by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales and that is used in most of the Bishop's Conferences of the English-speaking world.[1] Other translations have also been approved for use in the Liturgy by the English and Welsh bishops.[2]
The New American Bible (1970)s
This is a Catholic Translation that is a Highlight of Bible Publishing in the Past century. All basic texts were consulted, and the work was 26 years in the making. Over 50 recognised Bible Scholars, the majority of them College Professors, laboured to produce this outstanding version. The Scholars were Catholic,Protestant and Jewish.They attempted to produce a more accurate translation than the older versions. The .Pope in 1943 opened the way by allowing older manuscripts to be used rather than the Latin Vulgate as a basis for translation.
The Living Bible (1971)
An extremely popular version is a Paraphrase by Kenneth L. Taylor The Initial source was the American Standard version 1901. They also used most of the respected texts available.
The New American Standard version. (1971)
The New American Standard Bible is widely regarded as the most literally translated of 20th-century English Bible translations.[3]According to the NASB's preface, the translators had a "Fourfold Aim" in this work:
- They shall be grammatically correct.
- They shall be understandable.
- They shall give the Lord Jesus Christ His proper place, the place which the Word gives Him; therefore, no work will ever be personalized.[4]
The NASB is a revision of the American Standard Version of 1901. It was an alternative to the Revised Standard Version (1946–1952/1971), which is considered to be theologically liberal[5] and is also a revision of the ASV.
The Hebrew text used for this translation was the third edition of Rudolf Kittel's Biblia Hebraica, as well as the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia was consulted for the 1995 revision. For Greek, Eberhard Nestle's Novum Testamentum Graece was used; the 23rd edition in the 1971 original, and the 26th in the 1995 revision.
Seeing the need for a literal, modern translation of the English Bible, the translators sought to produce a contemporary English Bible while maintaining a word-for-word translation style. In cases where word-for-word literalness was determined to be unacceptable for modern readers, changes were made in the direction of more current idioms. In such instances, the more literal renderings were indicated in footnotes.
The greatest perceived strength of the NASB is its reliability and fidelity to the original languages, which, along with other literal translations, also allows for ambiguities in the text's meaning. Its corresponding weakness is that its readability and literary style sometimes prove confusing to the average reader. In addition, its printing of verses as individual units instead of paragraphs makes the text appear fragmented (though more recent editions are available in paragraph format).
Updated NASB (1995)[edit]
In 1992, the Lockman Foundation commissioned a limited revision of the NASB. In 1995, the Lockman Foundation reissued the NASB text as the NASB Updated Edition (more commonly, the Updated NASB or NASB95).
Wikipedia.com
18.The Message Bible.(1994)
The New International Version. NIV (1984 and 2011)
The New International Version (NIV) is an English translation of the Christian Bible. Biblica (formerly the International Bible Society) is the worldwide publisher and copyright holder of the NIV, and licenses commercial rights to Zondervan in the United States and to Hodder & Stoughton in the UK. The NIV has become one of the most popular modern translations in history.[3] Originally published in the 1970s, the NIV was updated in 1984 and 2011.[4]
Cover for a NIV Bible
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Full name
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New International Version
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Other names
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Nueva Versión Internacional (Spanish)
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Abbreviation
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NIV (Spanish: NVI)
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OT published
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1978
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NT published
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1973
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Complete Bible
published
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1978 (Spanish: 1999)
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Authorship
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Textual basis
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NT: Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament. OT: Biblia Hebraica Masoretic Hebrew Text, Dead Sea Scrolls,Samaritan Pentateuch,Aquila, Symmachus andTheodotion, Latin Vulgate,Syriac Peshitta, Aramaic Targums, for Psalms Juxta Hebraica of Jerome.
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Translation type
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Reading level
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7.80[1]
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Publisher
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Copyright
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Religious affiliation
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Website
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18.The Message Bible.(1994)
The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language was created by Eugene H. Peterson and published in segments from 1993 to 2002. It is an idiomatic translation of the original languages of the Bible.[1]
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| Eugene H. Peterson |
Peterson states the reason The Message was written was:
“
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While I was teaching a class on Galatians, I began to realize that the adults in my class weren't feeling the vitality and directness that I sensed as I read and studied the New Testament in its original Greek. Writing straight from the original text, I began to attempt to bring into English the rhythms and idioms of the original language. I knew that the early readers of the New Testament were captured and engaged by these writings and I wanted my congregation to be impacted in the same way. I hoped to bring the New Testament to life for two different types of people: those who hadn't read the Bible because it seemed too distant and irrelevant and those who had read the Bible so much that it had become 'old hat.'[2]
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”
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Peterson also states "And then one day (it was April 30, 1990) I got a letter from an editor asking me to work on a new version of the Bible along the lines of what I had been doing as a pastor. I agreed." [3]
According to the Introduction to the New Testament of The Message, its “contemporary idiom keeps the language of the Message (Bible) current and fresh and understandable”.[1] Peterson notes that in the course of the project, he realized this was exactly what he had been doing in his thirty-five years as a pastor, “always looking for an English way to make the biblical text relevant to the conditions of the people.”[1]
Though The Message is often considered a paraphrase, it is not explicitly; The Message was translated by Peterson from the original languages.[2] Thus, it is a highly idiomatic translation, and as such falls on the extreme dynamic end of the dynamic and formal equivalence spectrum.19. .
19. The New Living Version. (2004 2007)
19. The New Living Version. (2004 2007)
The goal of any Bible translation is to convey the meaning of the ancient Hebrew and Greek texts as accurately as possible to the modern reader. The New Living Translation is based on the most recent scholarship in the theory of translation. The challenge for the translators was to create a text that would make the same impact in the life of modern readers that the original text had for the original readers. In the New Living Translation, this is accomplished by translating entire thoughts (rather than just words) into natural, everyday English. The end result is a translation that is easy to read and understand and that accurately communicates the meaning of the original text.
The New Living Translation (NLT) is a translation of the Bible into modern English. Originally starting out as an effort to revise The Living Bible, the project evolved into a new English translation from Hebrew and Greek texts. Some stylistic influences of The Living Bible remained in the first edition (1996), but these are less evident in the second edition (2004, 2007). As of November 2013, the NLT is the third most popular English version of the Bible based on unit sales according to the Christian Booksellers Association.
Textual basis[edit]
The Old Testament translation was based on the Masoretic Text (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia) and was further compared to other sources such as the Dead Sea Scrolls, Septuagint, Greek manuscripts, Samaritan Pentateuch, Syriac Peshitta, and Latin Vulgate. The New Testament translation was based on the two standard editions of the Greek New Testament (the UBS 4th revised edition and the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece 27th edition).
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